Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *màra (~-ŕ-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to refuse, quarrel

Russian meaning: отказываться, ссориться

Mongolian: *margu-

Tungus-Manchu: *mari-

Korean: *mār-

Japanese: *màtuàp-

Comments: SKE 138-139, PKE 103, Menges 1984, 277. Despite Doerfer MT 144, hardly borrowed in TM < Mong. In Turk. the root has probably merged with *boŕ- / *buŕ- 'damage, oppress' (cf. also *burul- ~ *borul- 'to be angry', ЭСТЯ 2, 269). The Korean form may be alternatively compared with Mong. melǯe- 'to refuse, refrain'.

Proto-Altaic: *máro (~-ŕ-)

Meaning: to roll, bend

Russian meaning: вертеть, гнуть

Mongolian: *marija-, mirija-

Tungus-Manchu: *mari-

Korean: *mằr-

Japanese: *mát(u)áp-

Comments: The Mong. form is somewhat dubious semantically ('creep up' < 'coil up'?); otherwise the root seems quite reliable.

Proto-Altaic: *maru ( ~ -ŕ-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: heap, crowd, many

Russian meaning: толпа, куча, множество

Tungus-Manchu: *mar(b)u

Korean: *muri, *múr

Japanese: *mǝ́rǝ́, *múrá

Comments: Martin 229, Whitman 1985, 127, 194, 239, SKE 153, АПиПЯЯ 279. An Eastern isogloss. In MKor. cf. also mɨrɨs 'all, in general'. In Jpn. low tone would be expected; high tone here was probably induced by the similar *mǝ́r- 'to heap up' (see under *mi̯ólo), which also influenced the vowel in *mǝ́rǝ́.

Proto-Altaic: *mása

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: more, stronger

Russian meaning: больше, сильнее

Turkic: *bAsa

Mongolian: *masi

Tungus-Manchu: *masi

Japanese: *más-

Comments: EAS 79, KW 257. TM may be borrowed from Mong. (see Doerfer MT 144).

Proto-Altaic: *mā̀li

Meaning: disease, wound

Russian meaning: болезнь, рана

Turkic: *bAlɨg

Mongolian: *milan

Tungus-Manchu: *māl-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *mā́ńa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: paw, hand

Russian meaning: лапа, кисть руки

Turkic: *bĀń-

Tungus-Manchu: *mańa

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss; cf. perhaps also Mong. (dalnɨ) majā 'шейка лопатки'.

Proto-Altaic: *mā́n[u]

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: useless, insufficient

Russian meaning: бесполезный, недостаточный

Turkic: *būn

Tungus-Manchu: *mana-

Japanese: *múná-si-

Comments: Cf. *mùne, *múnu. Turkic *-ū- is irregular here (*bān would be expected).

Proto-Altaic: *mā́ro

Meaning: sand, stony earth, marsh

Russian meaning: песок, каменистая почва, болото

Turkic: *bōr

Mongolian: *mara-

Tungus-Manchu: *mar-

Korean: *mòr'ái

Japanese: *mana-n-kua

Comments: SKE 151 (Turk.-Kor.), АПиПЯЯ 288. In MKor. cf. also a reduplicated form: màmằrằ- 'rough, stony (ground)'. The Jpn. form must be explained as a result of nasal assimilation (*mana- < *mara-n-); but cf. for Jpn. *mana-n-kua alternatively Mong. *maŋka 'long sandy hill' (MGCD 481).

Proto-Altaic: *mébo ( ~ -p-)

Meaning: to shamanize, dance

Russian meaning: камлать, танцевать

Tungus-Manchu: *mebu-

Japanese: *máp-

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *meju

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to shake, sway

Russian meaning: трясти, махать

Turkic: *bań-

Mongolian: *maji-

Tungus-Manchu: *mej-

Korean: *mūi- / *mùi'ú-

Japanese: {*mui 'fan, winnow'}

Comments: See SKE 144, ТМС 1, 564, ОСНЯ 3, 45-47, Дыбо 12. Turkic has a normal transfer of nasalization (*bań- < *maj-).

Proto-Altaic: *mĕ̀ko

Meaning: to pull out

Russian meaning: вытаскивать

Tungus-Manchu: *meK(u)-

Korean: *mắi-

Japanese: *mǝ̀k-

Comments: An Eastern isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *mék`à

Meaning: to be in a bad position

Russian meaning: быть в затруднительном положении

Mongolian: *mak-

Tungus-Manchu: *meK-

Korean: *màk-

Japanese: *máká-

Comments: Martin 226. Cf. *mak`é.

Proto-Altaic: *mék`ù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: meat; part of body

Russian meaning: мясо; часть тела

Mongolian: *mikan

Tungus-Manchu: *meKile

Japanese: *múkúrua

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 294.

Proto-Altaic: *mĕ̀ĺba ( ~ -p-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to stir up

Russian meaning: помешивать

Tungus-Manchu: *melbi-

Japanese: *mànsì-(p)-

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss. Phonetically the match is precise; as for the meaning, one has to suppose a rather frequent development *'row' > 'stir up' > 'mix'.

Proto-Altaic: *melo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of fish

Russian meaning: вид рыбы

Turkic: *bẹl

Tungus-Manchu: *melu

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *mĕlu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of berry

Russian meaning: вид ягоды

Turkic: *bẹleĺ

Mongolian: *mojil-

Tungus-Manchu: *m[e]likte

Comments: Дыбо 11. A Western isogloss. Note traces of nasalization preserved in PT (one could reconstruct *benleĺ or *belenĺ). Mong *mojil- regularly < *molil- ( = *beleĺ).

Proto-Altaic: *mèl[ú]

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to become stale, overripe, wither

Russian meaning: становиться затхлым, загустевать, увядать

Tungus-Manchu: *mel-me- ?

Korean: *mằrằ-

Japanese: *mùrá-

Comments: Korean has a "verbal" low tone. Basically a Kor.-Jpn. isogloss; the TM parallel is much more problematic (poorly attested and semantically distant).

Proto-Altaic: *mĕ́ĺǯu ( ~ -a)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: head

Russian meaning: голова

Turkic: *baĺč

Mongolian: *malǯa-, *melǯe-

Tungus-Manchu: *meli-mu

Korean: *mǝ̀rí

Comments: EAS 109, SKE 146, АПиПЯЯ 31-32, 282, Мудрак Дисс. 90, Лексика 194. Doerfer's (TMN 2, 253) criticism is short ("unklar"). On possible traces in Jpn. see under *k`ŏjli. An unsuccessful attempt of refuting the etymology was undertaken by Vovin 2000, who argues that the attested Old Korean form is 麻帝 MC mạ-tìej [ma-te]. However, it is most probable that MC -t- was used here just to transcribe Korean -r- (since Middle Chinese, as well known, lacked r-). Anyway, it is hardly possible to make any decisions on the basis of very inadequate and scanty Kirim transcriptions.

Proto-Altaic: *ménč`o ( ~ *mi̯ónč`a, -nč-)

Meaning: first of all

Russian meaning: прежде всего

Korean: *mònčjǝ́(i)

Japanese: *mántù

Comments: Martin 248. A Kor.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *meń[o]

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: dwelling place, village

Russian meaning: жилище, деревня

Mongolian: *maji-kan

Tungus-Manchu: *mēne-

Korean: *mằńằrh

Japanese: *múrà

Comments: The Kor.-Jpn. form is a derivative in *-rV (*-lV). The Tungus form fits very well semantically, but raises some phonetic doubts: vowel length and the quality of -n- (instead *-ń-) do not correspond to other languages. Cf. perhaps Turk. (Oyr.) man 'fence' (VEWT 325). See Vovin 1993, 257.